C- LEGAL PROTECTION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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 EXAMPLE OF A SECURE PAYMENT THROUGH A DOCUMENTARY CREDIT

 A- FINANCE : SEEK FINANCING FOR YOUR INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
    A-1- Organizations located in United Kingdom
    A-2- Organizations located in Europe and in the world

 B- TRANSPORT : DISPACH LOGITICS
    B-1- Transport : All modes of transport and their specificitions
    B-2- Customs : Customs and customs clearance of goods
    B-3- Insurance : transport insurance for your goods
    B-4- Packaging : an important componant
    B-5- Storage : a solution to resolve the price problem of the goods
    B-6- Incoterms : a logistics tool

 C- GET PROTECTED : THE LAWS AND CONTRACTUAL FRAMEWORKS
    C-1- The role of the institutions
    C-2- Laws and conventions
    C-3- International contrats and their specificitions
    C-4- Innovation : international intellectual property
    C-5- Invoices : a contractual agreement
    C-6- Incoterms : a contractual tool

 D- PAYMENTS : THE EXPORTERS MAIN PREOCCUPATION
    D-1- Payment techniques
    D-2- Payment tools
    D-3- Currency : an important componant within the scope of international contracts
    D-4- Debt collection
    D-5- VAT : Value Added Tax
    D-6- Other payment tools

 E- RECRUTING : GET NEWS SKILLS OR RECRUIT EXTERNAL SKILLS

All international transactions can generate problems both of a contractual order and of intellectual protection. International trade is unique by the fact you should take as a reference different complexe and numerous laws and conventions. there are indeed lots of laws and conventions that relates both transport, payment or contract.

How can one be sure of being protected in case of outstanding payments, or of being compensated for bad workmanship or a delivery error? Who will pay the delay penalties? Which law should be applied? And in what language? So many questions that were difficult to answer before the international commerce laws of the different countries were harmonized.

C-1- Institutions

Laws and conventions implementations are the solutions proposed by institutions. Some of these laws and conventions governs for example goods transportation, by land sea, rail or air. Other conventions such as 1969 Vienna convention governs international trade treaties and the convention, which has the same name ( 1980 Vienna convention).It's legislate on goods sale contracts, and was enacted by CNUDI (United Nation Commission).

Indeed since April 30, 1980, the united nations commission set up the Vienna convention. This convention, was at first ratified by France and after that was ratified or approved y more than 30 countries. Its lists the rights that apply to goods international trade.

For this reason WTO (WTO : World Trade Organization) agreements deals with international trades issues. WTO rose after April 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement, and the agreement that resulted was signed by 125 ministers from concerned and presented countries, concluding the Urugay round.

We won't forget to mention the international Chambre of Commerce (ICC) which deal among other arbitration issues and has implemented the Incoterms. These are indeed somehow the conctractual conditions to the proper execution of goods transportation.

C-2- Contracts

These institutions therefore governs the Customs and practice in keeping in international trade but also in terms of contract. But before determining which is the best contract for your business transaction, it is essential to set up one of the invoice such as Proforma invoice, customs invoice, consular invoice or commercial invoice. It will be up to legals needs that require international transactions. The proforma invoice is the first step to have a good legal protection. The Terms of export sales are the second step.

If the exporter elects to direct his distribution in the country he wants to export his products by recruiting a sales import agent, he will have to establish a commercial agent contract. If instead he prefers to give his goods distribution to a third company, then he should choose an export distribution contract. Finally, if the export company prefers to have a peacemeal transactions, it will be necessary to set up a goods and services trade agreement.

C-3- Intellectual Protection

Intellectual protection is now governed by the WTO. Indeed WTO (the World trade organization) has participated to the regulation of the intellectual protection and implement the TRIPS (trade related aspects of Intelectual Property right). They were created on January 1st 1995. They deal with both issues of patents, indutrial designs, trademarks and logos. While the GATT did not address the question at the time.